A systematic review of methods and frameworks integrating environmental sustainability and resilience in building design and construction

The growing frequency of climate-related hazards and the urgency of meeting emission-reduction targets have increased research interest in integrating environmental sustainability and climate resilience into building- and component-level design. Yet, most studies address these domains independently or through loosely connected methods. This systematic review examines peer-reviewed literature from 2015 to 2025 that develops or applies analytical frameworks bridging both objectives, climate resilience and environmental sustainability, with the assessment target limited to buildings (including assemblies and components). The studies are categorized by analytical approach, life cycle-based models, hazard and performance assessment models, coupled models, and multi-criteria decision methods, and evaluated based on information flow, uncertainty treatment, and scale of application. Findings indicate that most analyses adopt a one-directional sequence for single-building decision units: a hazard is modeled, and resulting damage or service loss is quantified and translated into life-cycle impacts, such as additional embodied impacts from repair or replacement, operational disruption impacts when modeled, costs, or material use. Fully bidirectional coupling between resilience and sustainability metrics remains limited; time-dependent degradation and recovery processes are often simplified, and multi-hazard interactions are rarely represented. Multi-criteria decision methods, including the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and Integrated Value Model for Sustainability Assessment (MIVES), are frequently employed to rank building retrofit packages, envelope or structural assemblies, and material alternatives, though indicator consistency is lacking. Digital data exchange and Building Information Modeling (BIM)-integrated automation are emerging but have yet to become standard practice in building design. Addressing these gaps, this review emphasizes the need for dynamic, data-driven, and interoperable frameworks that integrate resilience and sustainability as co-evolving metrics across building design, hazard-driven repair and replacement, and recovery planning, enabling climate-responsive decision-making for buildings.