Heterotopic Heart Valve Implantation for Caval Reflux: A Novel Strategy to Bridge the Therapeutic Gap in Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation With Right Heart Failure

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a prevalent, undertreated condition associated with debilitating symptoms and poor outcomes. While optimal medical therapy (OMT) remains foundational in heart failure (HF) management, it has limited impact on the pathophysiologic consequences of severe TR; particularly systemic venous congestion, right heart failure, and end-organ dysfunction. Surgical correction carries considerable operative risk, prompting the development of transcatheter strategies for these high-risk patients.