Echoes Beyond E and A: Solving the Mystery of the Third Diastolic Wave

CASE 2026 Open access

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Authors: Hi̇lal Olgun Küçük, Kyle W. Klarich, Rosalyn O. Adigun, Rick A. Nishimura
DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2025.10.008
Cited by: 0
References: 6

Abstract

Assessment of diastolic function and estimation of filling pressures are essential components of every routine transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) examination. Accurate evaluation requires an integrative approach, combining multiple Doppler parameters including mitral inflow, pulmonary and hepatic veins, and mitral annular tissue Doppler velocities as well as tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity and left atrial (LA) size.1 When performed appropriately, noninvasive echocardiographic assessment of filling pressures has shown good correlation with invasive hemodynamic measurements.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Diaspora migration transnational identity Caribbean history culture and politics Social and Cultural Dynamics

Publication details

Journal / source
CASE
Volume
10
Issue
4
Pages
165–169
Publication date
8 January 2026
Language
EN