Geospatial techno-economic and life cycle assessment of renewable-powered direct air capture in Middle East and North Africa

Direct Air Capture (DAC) technologies powered by renewable energy are a promising approach for atmospheric carbon removal. This study presents a geospatial techno-economic and life cycle assessment of solar- and wind-powered electrified DAC systems across the Middle East and North Africa region. We evaluate how system sizing and regional resource conditions affect the cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity of CO 2 capture. Results show that optimal DAC-to-renewable capacity ratios and performance vary across locations, with levelized cost of CO 2 capture ranging from 200 to 650 USD/ton CO 2 and GHG emission intensity from 30 to 115 kgCO 2 eq/ton CO 2 . The study accounts for upstream emissions from renewable energy systems and highlights that DAC capital cost and PV efficiency are key performance drivers. Future projections suggest that LCOC could decline to 135-177 USD/ton CO 2 and EI to 30-47 kgCO 2 eq/ton CO 2 by 2030, underscoring the potential of RES-DAC for cost-effective CO 2 removal in the region.