Relationship between postpartum depression and exclusive breastfeeding practices among urban mothers, Bhubaneswar, Odisha

Problem Considered Postpartum depression (PPD) involves persistent sadness, fatigue, and bonding difficulties, while exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) means feeding infants only breast milk for six months. Both are vital for maternal and child health, yet their relationship is understudied. This study examined the prevalence of PPD among mothers in urban Bhubaneswar, Odisha, and its association with EBF. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 107 postpartum mothers in urban Bhubaneswar from February to April 2024. A pre-designed questionnaire captured socio-demographic characteristics and breastfeeding practices. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Univariate analysis described variables, bivariate analysis assessed associations between categorical variables, and multivariate analysis identified predictors of postpartum depression at a significance level of p≤0.05. Results Among the mothers surveyed, 12.1% reported postpartum depression, while 94.4% practiced exclusive breastfeeding. Cesarean delivery was associated with over fourfold higher odds of depression compared to vaginal delivery (AOR=4.41, 95% CI: 2.19–16.27, p=0.001). Mothers who planned to breastfeed for ≤12 months (AOR=5.34, 95% CI: 1.07–26.61, p=0.04) and those intending 12–24 months (AOR=10.28, 95% CI: 1.14–93.14, p=0.03) also had significantly greater odds of postpartum depression compared to those planning >24 months. Conclusion Postpartum depression is linked to normal vaginal delivery and shorter planned breastfeeding durations. Early screening and breastfeeding support are essential to improve maternal mental health and infant care.