Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated factors among pregnant women consulted in Buhodle Healthcare Centers, Somalia

Problem considered Toxoplasma gondii infection is a globally prevalent parasitic disease with serious health consequences, especially for pregnant women due to the risk of congenital transmission. Despite its importance, limited data exist on its prevalence in Somalia. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection and identify associated risk factors among pregnant women attending healthcare centers in Buhodle District, Somalia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2024 among 384 randomly selected pregnant women. Serum samples were analyzed using competitive ELISA (cELISA) to detect T. gondii antibodies. Data were processed using EpiData and SPSS. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics, while bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified associations between potential risk factors and seropositivity. A p-value < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant. Results The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 36.4% (140/384). Among these, 28.1% (108/140) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies, indicating prior exposure, while 8.3% (32/140) were positive for IgM, reflecting recent infection. Multivariable logistic regression revealed significant associations between T. gondii seropositivity and lower educational attainment, as well as frequent contact with soil (p < 0.05). Conclusion The high prevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women in Buhodle District indicates a substantial public health concern. Targeted community awareness programs, enhanced antenatal screening, and further epidemiological and molecular studies are essential to reduce maternal and fetal health risks.