Gut microbiota, cellular metabolism, and exercise: A review of microbial metabolites, mechanisms, and performance implications

Problem considered The role of gut microbiota in overall health, energy production, muscle strength, and endurance is increasingly recognized. Despite growing evidence of the impact of physical activity on gut microbiota composition, the underlying mechanisms and implications for physical performance remain insufficiently understood. Methods This review synthesizes current research on gut microbiota composition, cellular metabolism, and their relationship with exercise. It involves analyzing recent studies that examine how physical activity induces changes in the gut microbial community, as well as exploring the metabolic processes involved. Results Recent studies demonstrate that gut bacteria contribute significantly to energy metabolism, vitamin synthesis, immune regulation, and muscle function. Exercise induces positive modifications in gut microbiota, which in turn promotes improved energy extraction, immune function, and physical performance, creating a beneficial feedback loop. Conclusion Changes in gut microbiota due to physical activity have important implications for health, muscle strength, and endurance. Understanding these interactions offers potential for optimizing exercise strategies and health interventions through gut microbiota modulation.