Ti6Al4V/HAp composites in SBF environment: Structural characteristics and biological response of hydroxyapatite

Demand for surgical implants is growing steadily. Many phenomena contribute to this, such as the aging population and the increase in bone-related diseases of civilization. Titanium and its alloys are a key element in the medical field, but they are not ideal, so new solutions are being sought. The introduction of bioactive ceramics into the system can bring benefits, i.e. the introduction of bioactive properties. The present work focuses on the bioactive properties of titanium composites with the addition of hydroxyapatite. First, the synthesized hydroxyapatite by the ammonium method was subjected to bioassays that determined its cytotoxicity. Next, the produced samples were subjected to incubation tests under simulated physiological conditions, which made it possible to assess the ability to form apatite layers on the surface of the materials. During the tests, the pH and conductivity of the materials were evaluated, followed by SEM-EDS, XRD, XRF analysis. The presented studies indicate the application potential of the obtained materials. Their behaviour under simulated conditions confirms the formation of apatite layers, which may translate into better integration of the implant into bone. The materials require further research toward material application in bone tissue. However, it shows the promising potential for further research.