Analysis, modeling, and experimental evaluation of a double-stator piezoelectric inertial actuator driven by different phase angles of the driving current

In dual-stator inertial piezoelectric actuators, the effect of the phase angle of the driving current (PADC) on output performance is poorly understood. In particular, the influence of different phase angles on key performance indicators such as speed, displacement, and load capacity remain unclear. This study introduces a double-stator, single-direction type (SDT) piezoelectric inertial actuator and investigates the effect of varying the PADC on its output characteristics through analytical modeling and experimental validation. A prototype actuator is fabricated, and its performance is evaluated at different PADCs. Experimental results show that increasing the PADC significantly improves the speed, step displacement, load capacity, and drive efficiency. For example, at φ = π, the step displacement increases by 445.58%, the load capacity increases by 200%, and the efficiency increases by 442% compared to φ = 0. In addition, the step resolution improves by 770% at φ = 0 compared to φ = π. This work provides new insights into the PADC optimization of SDT double-stator piezoelectric inertial actuators and guidelines for selecting PADC based on application requirements. The results highlight the actuator's potential for high-precision motion control, and future research could focus on optimizing its design and control strategies to further improve its performance and broaden its applicability.