Assessing the robustness, comprehensiveness, and effectiveness of sustainability certification: the BIOBASEDCERT monitoring tool

Sustainability certification schemes and labels (CSLs) play a crucial role in supporting the EU’s transition toward a sustainable and circular bioeconomy. However, their rapid proliferation has increased the need for transparent and systematic assessment. This paper introduces the BIOBASEDCERT Monitoring Tool (BMT), a structured framework designed to evaluate the robustness, comprehensiveness, and effectiveness of CSLs. The BMT addresses several key gaps in existing benchmarking tools, which often overlook the complexity of industrial bio-based value chains, the effectiveness of certification schemes, and critical aspects such as circularity and traceability. The tool was developed through extensive literature review, indicators development and validation through stakeholder consultations. To test its feasibility and refine its design, the BMT was piloted with nine CSLs. The resulting framework comprises three levels (system, content, and outcome), organized hierarchically into categories, principles, criteria, and requirements, and supported by an evaluation mechanism to assess CSL performance. Its practical applicability was demonstrated through a case study of the Roundtable for Sustainable Biomass (RSB) Standard for Advanced Products, showing that the BMT enables systematic identification of strengths, and targeted areas for improvement. The assessment enhances transparency for market actors and provides policymakers with evidence-based insights into how CSLs can contribute to credible due diligence, holistic sustainability requirements, and transparent reporting. Overall, the BMT offers a practical instrument for supporting a more harmonized assessment methods across CSLs and strengthening trust in sustainability claims within the bio-based economy. To ensure its continued relevance, periodic reassessments and a clear governance model will be essential as scientific, policy, and industry landscapes evolve.