Multifunctional performance assessment of insulation panels from recycled textiles and Kenaf/Hemp Fibers: thermal, acoustic, and fire behavior

Although natural and recycled fibre-based insulation materials show promising thermal and acoustic performance, several challenges still limit their widespread adoption. This paper explores the properties and potential of recycled textile and natural fiber-based materials in enhancing building renovations. Specifically, it examines two types of insulation panels: those made from recycled textiles (Panels M) and those composed of kenaf and hemp fibers (Panels K). The study investigates various properties, including composition, density, thermal conductivity, acoustic performance, and fire response, highlighting the strengths and challenges associated with each material. The results reveal that while textile-based panels exhibit more variability in composition and performance, natural fiber panels are more uniform, making them a more predictable and reliable option. Thermal conductivity values ranged from 0.035 to 0.049 W/(m·K), with the natural fiber panels showing more consistent results. Acoustic performance, evaluated using both Sonocat sensor and the impedance tube also varied, with textile-based panel M45 performing particularly well approaching the Basotect performance (this latter used as a functional benchmark). Fire response, tested using Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO), indicated that kenaf-based panels demonstrated higher flammability compared to their textile counterparts. Furthermore, the study explored the effectiveness of fire retardants, finding that certain treatments helped suppress ignition.