Novel construction of hybrid wind turbine with solar panels: A comprehensive analysis through experimental study and numerical simulation

• Hybrid HAWT–PV prototype with interchangeable 3-, 4-, and 5-blade rotors is experimentally and numerically characterized for compact small-scale generation. • Blade-number effect clarified: more blades reduce vibration and shift peak response to higher frequencies, while 5 blades give the highest torque and C p with the most stable electrical output. • Validated CFD–experiment agreement shows smoother, more uniform flow at higher solidity, and the 5-blade hybrid delivers up to 28.9 W, outperforming stand-alone wind or solar units in daily energy yield. Global growth in electricity demand and the environmental impact of fossil-fuel–based generation motivate the development of compact, efficient, and structurally robust small-scale renewable systems. This study develops and validates an integrated hybrid generation system that structurally combines a horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) with 3-, 4-, and 5-blade rotors and a photovoltaic panel within a single support framework. The objective is to design a compact prototype, experimentally characterize its aerodynamic and electrical performance, and evaluate its structural integrity through numerical simulation. The development method integrates experimental testing, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), structural modal and harmonic response analysis using numerical simulation, and GIS-based feasibility assessment incorporating land–energy planning and seasonal wind variability. Experimental results show that the 3-blade rotor achieves higher rotational speed and a broader, nearly linear TSR range, making it suitable for stronger wind conditions. The 5-blade rotor produces the highest torque and power coefficient ( C P ) while maintaining the lowest vibration amplitude and more stable electrical output. Harmonic analysis indicates that increasing blade count reduces vibration amplitude and shifts peak response toward higher frequencies, improving operational stability. CFD simulations corroborate these findings, revealing smoother and more uniform flow fields with increasing rotor solidity. When integrated with the solar panel, the 5-blade configuration delivers a maximum combined electrical output of 28.9 W. The results demonstrate that structural integration, supported by coupled experimental–numerical validation and geo-spatial feasibility analysis, enhances daily energy yield and provides a practical design pathway for small-scale coastal hybrid renewable energy systems.