Post-intensive care unit (ICU) nutrition and rehabilitation: A multidisciplinary survey of healthcare professionals involved in ICU care

AIMS: Recovery after critical illness frequently extends beyond intensive care unit (ICU) discharge, with many patients experiencing persistent physical, cognitive impairments encompassed within post-intensive care syndrome, alongside ongoing nutritional deficits. Despite increasing awareness of the role of nutrition and rehabilitation in this phase, post-ICU care remains heterogeneous, and standardized guidelines are lacking. This survey aimed to evaluate current practices, challenges, and perceptions regarding nutritional assessment, therapy and rehabilitation in ICU survivors. METHODS: A 38-item survey was distributed internationally via a secure online 'Google Form' and "Wenjuanxing" platforms from February to June 2025 to healthcare professionals involved in in-hospital post-ICU care. The survey collected information on institutional characteristics, nutrition therapy practices, rehabilitation strategies, patient engagement, and perceived barriers. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 200 respondents participated, predominantly ICU physicians (91 %), with limited representation from dietitians and rehabilitation specialists. A total of 38 % of the institutions reported providing post-ICU follow-up care, and among these, 60.5 % lacked a formal follow-up protocol. Nutritional assessments were included in 60.5 % of follow-up programs, but standardized tools were inconsistently used. Oral supplements and enteral nutrition were the most commonly recommended supports; however, inadequate intake and persistent symptoms such as anorexia, dysphagia, and gastrointestinal disturbances were frequently reported. Rehabilitation services were primarily focused on physical therapy, with variable access to occupational, speech, and psychological support. Major barriers included lack of protocols, limited staffing, and insufficient multidisciplinary involvement. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight substantial variability and systemic gaps in post-ICU nutritional and rehabilitation care. There is a critical need for harmonized guidelines, multidisciplinary pathways, and improved resource allocation to optimize long-term recovery in ICU survivors.