A new hybrid integrated framework for mitigating risks in sustainable supply chains: A case study on Indonesia’s carrageenan industry

The complexity of sustainable supply chains (SSCs) requires the integration of risk management across risk assessment and mitigation processes. However, most previous studies have discussed these two aspects separately, thereby failing to provide structured, effective mitigation priorities. This study aims to develop a hybrid framework that integrates Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), MICMAC analysis, Risk Priority Number (RPN), and Risk Mitigation Number (RMN) to identify, evaluate, and mitigate risks in the carrageenan-based agri-food industry supply chain. The ISM and MICMAC methods are used to map risk relationships and hierarchies based on driving power and dependence power, while RPN is applied to measure the severity, frequency of occurrence, and detectability of risks. Furthermore, RMN is used to determine the most effective priorities for mitigation strategies. The study identified 11 priority risks, with the main risks being delays in raw material delivery, suppliers’ inability to meet demand, and fluctuations in raw material prices. The most effective mitigation strategies are strengthening cooperation, collaboration, and information sharing with suppliers (RMN = 822) and implementing better inventory management (RMN = 738). This study contributes theoretically through the development of an integrative framework that links risk interdependencies, quantitative risk prioritization, and mitigation strategy selection. Practically, this framework provides evidence-based guidance for decision-makers in the carrageenan industry to improve operational sustainability and supply chain resilience.