Rewiring metabolic pathways for biological conversion of carbon dioxide

Repurposing CO 2 into renewable carbon sources is a critical path towards a sustainable future. Here, we review the recent advances in rewiring cellular metabolism for the biological conversion of CO 2 . We highlight the principles and endeavors of metabolic engineering in reconnecting metabolic pathways for CO 2 fixation, where the essential metabolic nodes produced or involved in such pathways can be diverted for the production of diverse value-added products. We underscore the interactions between CO 2 fixation pathways and central metabolism and discuss the energy demands and approaches to fulfill the requests for CO 2 reduction. Finally, we review recent progress in diverting carbon from these metabolic nodes, including pyruvate, PEP, and acetyl-CoA, towards intended products.