Fabrication and application of superhydrophilic surface materials

Superhydrophilic surfaces show a broad array of potential applications in oil-water separation, self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and biomedical fields due to their unique wettability. By introducing hydrophilic groups and constructing rough structures, these surfaces enable rapid spreading and penetration of water droplets. This paper first introduces the theory of solid surface wettability and photo-induced superhydrophilicity, then systematically elaborates on various preparation methods for superhydrophilic surfaces as well as their uses in self-cleaning and oil-water separation. Despite significant advances, challenges persist in terms of practical implementation, including insufficient durability, difficulties in large-scale production, and relatively high costs. Future research should focus on developing mechanically stable, low-cost superhydrophilic surfaces for implementation in industrial and everyday applications. • The theory of solid surface wettability and photo-induced superhydrophilicity. • Various preparation methods for superhydrophilic surfaces are systematically elaborated. • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms on surface microstructures and chemical compositions • The application of superhydrophilic surface materials, including self-cleaning and oil-water separation.