Exploring the feasibility and usefulness of a digital twin in the valorization of organic waste streams in Uganda

Valorization of organic waste streams receives growing attention to improve resource efficiency and support a circular economy. One potential valorization option is converting organic waste into biofertilizers, but logistical challenges around waste availability, consistency and transportation hinder its potential. Digital twins—virtual models integrating real-time data—could enhance decision-making for waste valorization, but their application remains limited to data intensive, controlled environments. In this exploratory study we applied the Motivation-Opportunity-Ability framework and an infological approach to assess stakeholder perspectives and feasibility of the digital twin concept in a relatively complex and data-scarce environment: the valorization of organic waste in Uganda. Findings indicate that actors are Motivated to valorize waste for sustainability and economic benefits, but limited waste availability and predictive capacity to optimize the valorization process restrict Opportunities and Ability. Composting of wet coffee pulp with black soldier fly larvae emerged as a promising valorization case, in which a digital model could support decision-making towards improved yields of larvae and frass (output), based on amount, quality and the costs of different waste streams (input). Limited automation, data sharing and value creation make the development of a fully integrated digital twin unlikely in the near future. In the resource-constrained setting of our study, relatively simple digital models that can gradually be advanced based on technical feasibility, perceived importance of parameters and resources available are required instead. To ensure a successful implementation, a user-driven design approach focusing on practical decision-problems rather than on technological potential alone is key. • Digital twins can aid decision-making for waste valorization in a circular economy. • We combined the Motivation-Opportunity-Ability framework and an infological approach. • Despite Motivation, limited organic waste constrains valorization Opportunities. • Wet coffee pulp x BSF larvae composting could benefit from a potential digital twin. • User-driven design and practical decision-problems are key for model implementation.