Compressive behaviour of structural bamboo members: An experimental study on a standardized design system

Bamboo represents a promising sustainable construction material owing to its renewability, fast growth rate and favourable mechanical properties, making it a competitive alternative to conventional building materials with high carbon emission. However, the natural tapering of bamboo culms limits standardization for design, production, and installation. This study investigated the structural requirements of bamboo and compiled key parameters from major bamboo-producing regions across China. To mitigate taper effects while satisfying modular design standards, culm lengths of 8 m, 9 m, and 10 m were proposed. Based on a 0.5 M modulus, Moso bamboo culms were classified into 13 diameter grades ranging from φ60 to φ120. Standardized connection joints were developed and experimentally evaluated. Results indicated that bamboo-wood joints exhibit reliable interfacial bonding strength and load-carrying capacity. The standardized bamboo units demonstrated consistent failure modes and adequate compressive performance when assembled into compressive members. Mechanical analysis further verified the viability of engineered bamboo columns. Columns comprising four culms are recommended for interior supports in timber-bamboo structures, suitable for spans of up to 9.3 m in single-story structures and 5.7 m in two-story structures. ● A novel standardization system for Moso bamboo was established ● Standardized bamboo-wood connections were developed and validated ● Engineered bamboo columns assembled from culms ● Practical design guidelines were formulated