Numerical simulation on heat transfer and flow characteristics in the leakage and diffusion process at gas distribution stations

In the context of global low-carbon transition, controlling natural gas station leakages is critically important. This study combines CFD simulations and laboratory experiments to develop a 3D multiphysics coupling model, investigating the effects of leakage velocity, season, wind direction, and speed on gas dispersion.Results show seasonal and wind conditions significantly influence dispersion: spring/summer leakages exhibit larger dispersion ranges with high-concentration zones near walls, while autumn/winter leakages remain concentrated near pipelines. Upwind conditions promote longer gas travel, whereas downwind leakage leads to ground-hugging clouds. Seasonal temperature anomalies (colder in spring/summer, warmer in autumn/winter) show a belt-shaped distribution indicative of leakage sources. Low wind speeds prolong concentration retention in upwind scenarios, while downwind conditions promote multi-directional diffusion.Experimental validation confirms model reliability, with mean relative errors below 8.5%. This study provides theoretical and practical support for dynamic risk assessment and safety management of natural gas stations.