An analytical framework for uncovering risk interdependencies in sustainable supply chains using Fuzzy DEMATEL

This study employs the Fuzzy DEMATEL method to investigate the interdependencies and causal dynamics among 12 key risk factors in Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM). By integrating expert evaluations with fuzzy logic and applying the CFCS defuzzification method, the analysis captures both direct and indirect relationships across economic, operational, environmental, and social dimensions. A quadrant-based mapping of total influence (D+R) and net effect (D-R) distinguishes between causal and effect factors, identifying Transportation Disruptions ( R5 ), Labor Strikes ( R10 ), and Regulatory Restrictions ( R3 ) as high-priority causal risks. Sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of these rankings across varying influence thresholds. The findings are further contextualized through real-world supply chain disruptions and tailored managerial recommendations, enhancing the practical utility of the results. This research contributes theoretically by extending causal risk modeling in SSCM and methodologically by validating the application of Fuzzy DEMATEL as a comprehensive MCDM tool under uncertainty. It also delivers actionable insights for supply chain managers aiming to build resilient, sustainable, and adaptive operations in increasingly volatile environments.