Research on azimuth estimation algorithm for explosion sound signals based on single-vector hydrophone

As an active sound source in underwater acoustic detection, the underwater explosion sound source plays an important role in active detection applications. It can flexibly generate high-power broadband pulse signals underwater. Under the application background of underwater explosion sound source orientation, this paper proposes a matched filter time-domain output weighted histogram azimuth estimation algorithm, which transforms the instantaneous broadband, high-energy impact and discontinuous characteristics of underwater explosion sound source into the high weight advantage of positioning algorithm. The simulation results show that compared with the common sound pressure and vibration velocity combination ((P+Vc)Vc) and based on matched filter sound pressure frequency deconvolution adaptive noise cancellation(MF-FDAC): In the single-target scenario, when the wideband signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is greater than –5 dB, the azimuth estimation error of the proposed algorithm is less than 0.5°; In dual-target scenarios with equal signal strength, 30° angle difference, incomplete signal overlap and SNR = 0 dB, it enables effective target resolution, whereas the (P+Vc)Vc and MF-FDAC suffer from peak fusion and fail to resolve targets. The outdoor test shows that the maximum direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation error of the actual explosion sound sources is 3.3° and the maximum DOA estimation error of the simulated explosion sound sources is 1.7° when the test distance is 255 m.