A novel aluminum sulfate-modified biosorbent from Camalote grass (Paspalum fasciculatum) for efficient oil removal from marine environments

ABSTRACT The coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico are biodiversity-rich ecosystems facing severe threats from petroleum operations, which demand innovative, eco-friendly remediation solutions. In this study, we present a novel, biomass-derived adsorbent from Camalote grass ( Paspalum fasciculatum ) modified with aluminum sulfate. The adsorbent was evaluated using water samples contaminated with Itsmo crude oil. Laboratory trials demonstrated an adsorption capacity of 40 mL of oil per gram of material significantly higher than typical commercial adsorbents. The addition of aluminum sulfate significantly improved the adsorbent’s buoyancy and wettability of the adsorbent. The characteristics of the adsorbent surface was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the material’s porosity, critical for oil entrapment, while post-adsorption imaging confirmed efficient hydrocarbon agglomeration on the surface. The oil removal was determined by Gas chromatography, further validated the adsorbent’s efficacy, showing complete removal of (C5-C20) hydrocarbon fractions. The obtained oily residue, with a calorific value of 24.65 MJ/Kg, is suitable for use as a fuel. This work introduces a sustainable alternative, aligning with circular economy principles by transforming invasive biomass into an environmental solution.