Global pathways for hybrid renewable energy systems: challenges, solutions, policy, and regulatory frameworks

• Different types of challenges, such as technical, economic, environmental, and policy regulations, and their multiple mitigation techniques are discussed. • Some IEEE, ISO, and IEC standards and some global key policies, regulations are presented in this paper. The constraints of standards and policies in real-time implementation and policy effectiveness across various locations are also described. • Global market analysis, comparative performance parameters are discussed for several hybrid renewable energy system models, as well as for various geographical locations and case-based validation for lifetime assessment. Unprecedented economic and social shifts have been noticed globally as a result of global sustainability and the necessity of renewable energy to fight climate change. The best option for supplying green energy to address this global energy crisis is renewable energy sources. However, a single renewable energy source’s energy generation is unpredictable due to its intermittent nature. Hybrid renewable energy systems have attracted a lot of attention as a sustainable solution to the world’s growing energy needs while lowering environmental issues. This paper discusses many types of hybrid renewable energy system challenges and their solutions. This paper also discusses several alternatives and presents the effective approaches and analysis of global markets. The article presents various globally important policies, rules, and recommendations, as well as various IEEE, ISO, and IEC standards. Additionally addressed are the limitations of standards and rules in terms of their real-time execution. This study highlights the role of regulatory frameworks in enabling HRES deployment and could benefit due to a depth analysis of policy effectiveness across different regions, discuss few barriers to policy implementation and also inclusion of some emerging policy instruments. A comparative performance metrics are provided for different hybrid renewable energy system models and also for different regions and case-based validation for lifecycle assessment.