The combined effect of cadmium and 50 Hz magnetic fields exposure at occupational levels on DNA damage in human fetal lung fibroblasts

In occupational environments with a high risk of cadmium (Cd) exposure, such as electroplating plants, workers are concurrently exposed to power frequency magnetic fields (MFs). However, health implications of combined exposure to these agents remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined both short-term (24 h) and long-term (4 weeks) exposure to Cd at an occupational exposure relative concentration (100 nM) and 0.4 mT, 50 Hz MFs on DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell viability in human fetal lung fibroblasts (WI-38). We found that co-exposure to Cd and 50 Hz MFs have no significant impact on these endpoints. Additionally, we evaluated short-term exposure to high-dose Cd (10 μM) combined with 50 Hz MFs, as well as long-term exposure to 50 Hz MFs in cells pre-treated with 10 μM Cd for 24 h. Consistently, no significant effects of combined exposure were observed. In conclusion, at occupational relevant exposure levels, co-exposure to Cd and 50 Hz MFs does not appear to induce synergistic adverse effect on DNA integrity, apoptotic activity, or cell viability in WI-38 cells.