Recent progress in dual-atoms catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction

The rapid development of industrial civilization has increased the global demand for energy, which is mainly met through the widespread use of fossil fuels, bringing a prosperous lifestyle but also posing severe environmental challenges. Large-scale carbon dioxide emissions are a major factor in the greenhouse effect and energy crisis, posing a threat to ecosystems and global climate stability. The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 RR), powered by renewable energy, offers a potential solution by converting carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals. However, developing efficient catalysts still faces challenges. The limitations of single-atom catalysts (SACs) have driven growing interest in diatomic catalysts, which can overcome the limitations of SACs by increasing metal loading and dual active sites. Despite challenges in synthesis complexity and precise control, diatomic catalysts hold the promise of more efficient and controllable reduction of carbon dioxide. This review systematically summarizes the applications of diatomic catalysts in recent years, providing inspiration for researchers in the synthesis and application of carbon dioxide emission reduction.