Phased optimal configuration of electrical, thermal, and hydrogen energy storage capacity considering demand response and load matching

For the multi-energy complementary system (MECS) containing hybrid storage systems for electrical, thermal and hydrogen, the coordinated optimization configuration of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is crucial for improving operational economic efficiency and enabling effective utilization of new energy (NE). This paper presents an approach for the phased optimal configuration of electrical, thermal and hydrogen energy storage capacities, taking into account demand response (DR) and load matching. Initially, a model for DR is formulated. Then, the main grid power buying strategy is further adopted and load matching constraints are introduced. Finally, a HESS optimization model designed with DR in mind and load matching is constructed. Furthermore, a phased optimal configuration approach for configuring the capacity of the HESS is proposed. The findings indicate that the DR mechanism can effectively leverage the flexible adjustment capabilities of the load side, reduce the configuration scale of the storage battery system (SBS) and molten salt thermal energy storage system (MS-TES), and improve the system economic efficiency. After considering the load matching constraint, the power supply pressure of the MCES is reduced through power buying from the main grid, and the configuration scales of the SBS and the MS-TES are further reduced, and the system economic efficiency is improved, and it can make the MCES power output consistent with the load-side curve, which reduces the peaking pressure of the main network. • A phased method coordinates electro-thermal-hydrogen hybrid energy storage. • Demand response is introduced to cut energy storage scale via load-side flexibility. • Load matching constraints boost system alignment and ease grid peak-shaving pressure. • Grid power purchase curbs system pressure and cuts energy storage demand. • Demand response and load matching boost system economic benefits significantly.