A comprehensive review of advanced energy-efficient technologies for building envelopes: Focus on walls, windows, and roofs

The energy efficiency of the building envelope is crucial for attaining optimal building performance. This study systematically reviews and analyses recent advancements in energy-saving technologies for envelope structures, concentrating on three primary component systems: walls, windows, and roofs. This paper addresses the inadequacy of current research regarding the absence of a systematic and multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation mechanism encompassing thermal performance, economic viability, adaptability, and structural coordination. It develops a multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation model for practical engineering applications and employs a specific residential building as a case study to simulate and analyse the energy-saving potential of the energy-efficient structure. The findings indicate that the yearly total energy consumption of the building design incorporating the improved rammed earth wall, Low-E glass windows, and PCM roof is 4627.63 kWh less than that of the prototype building, resulting in an energy-saving rate of 15.2 %. Research indicates that collaborative design among structures can markedly enhance the energy efficiency of buildings while also demonstrating strong engineering adaptability and resource sustainability. This research supports the scientific selection of energy-saving technologies for envelope structures and provides a significant theoretical foundation and practical reference for promoting and implementing energy-saving design in urban and rural buildings within the context of the "dual carbon" strategy.