Review of fault detection, localization and tolerant in multilevel inverter

Multilevel inverters (MLIs) find a wide range of applications in high and medium-power applications, including electric vehicles, FACTS devices, HVDC, and renewable energy systems. Since it utilizes a large number of semiconductor devices and capacitors, it is prone to open-circuit (OC) and short-circuit (SC) faults, which decrease its reliability. As factories and machinery become increasingly complex and costly, there is diminished tolerance for degradation in performance, reduced productivity, and safety risks. This necessitates the prompt detection and identification of potential abnormalities and faults, as well as the implementation of real-time fault-tolerant operations to minimize performance decline and avert hazardous situations. Subsequent to first defect detections in MLIs, corrective measures can prolong the standard operation of MLIs and, in certain instances, reduce the system's capacity to avert unforeseen shutdowns. The research contributions in this study provide a valuable addition to the field of power electronics. The introduction of an advanced MLI topology with fault-detection, localization and fault-tolerant (FT) capabilities not only addresses existing challenges in MLIs but also paves the way for future developments in high and medium-performance power conversion systems. The integration of real-time fault detection and compensation mechanisms enhances the robustness of MLIs, making them more suitable for deployment in mission-critical applications.