Fast reaching law based fractional order terminal sliding mode controller for multisource hybrid energy storage system based electric vehicle

Conventional vehicles usually run on natural gas and oil, which emit many harmful gases that effect the environment and significantly increase the greenhouse gases. Moreover, due to rapid depletion of fossil fuels, natural gas, and oil due to their excessive usage has motivated the researchers to search for alternative solutions. As a result, substantial research has been conducted on Fuel Cell based Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) to address the dual challenges of harmful emissions and depletion of resources. This research work presents a model consists of four sources i.e. Photovoltaic (PV), Fuel Cell (FC), battery, Supercapacitor (SC). In this model, the primary source of fuel is FC while PV, battery, and SC acts as secondary fuel sources. Hence, to regulate this Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), a Fast Reaching Law (FRL) based Fractional Order Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (FO-TSMC) is proposed which track the current references while ensuring an efficient operation of the system. The proposed FRL-FO-TSMC regulates the DC bus voltage while ensuring the global stability of the system through Lyapunov criteria. To show the efficacy of the proposed system, it is validated in MATLAB/Simulink environment under different scenarios, and the results are compared with the Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (ITSMC).