Probabilistic History-based distributed sensing protocol in cognitive radio networks

Cognitive radio technology allows opportunistic access to underutilized licensed radio spectrum by dynamically sensing and accessing this scarce resource. Existing cognitive radio network (CRN) protocols may suffer from limited number of transmission channels, conflicts among secondary users (SUs), and a lack of awareness about potentially superior available channels. This paper introduces a decentralized protocol to enhance CRN performance, allowing seamless acquisition of spectrum bands. Unlike traditional protocols with information exchange overhead, our proposed method does not require communication between SUs, ensuring high performance and minimal interference. The proposed protocol is called Probabilistic History-based Distributed Sensing Protocol in Cognitive Radio Networks (PHDS-CRN), and it is designed to address the limitations of existing protocols. This protocol offers a fully distributed approach to spectrum sensing and channel allocation, enabling SUs to efficiently utilize available spectrum bands while minimizing interference with primary users (PUs) and other SUs. By categorizing spectrum bands into distinct groups and employing a three-phase decision process, PHDS-CRN optimizes channel access in CRNs. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates the superior performance of PHDS-CRN compared to existing methodologies. Under 100% load conditions, our proposed method achieves high channel access rate, while significantly reducing settling time and interference time.