[177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE PRRT and CAPTEM chemotherapy for pancreas and small bowel neuroendocrine tumours: The AGITG CONTROL NETS Multi-centre randomized trial

BACKGROUND/AIM: Lu]Lu-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) plus capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM) in participants(pts) with progressive WHO Grade 1-2 neuroendocrine tumours: pancreas(pNETs) and small bowel(SBNETs). METHODS: Non-comparative randomized open label parallel group phase II trial, 2:1 randomization to PRRT/CAPTEM (experimental arm) vs PRRT (SBNETs control) and CAPTEM (pNETs control). PRRT/CAPTEM: b.i.d. Days 10-14. CAPTEM Q 4 weekly (pNET control arm). PRIMARY ENDPOINT: Progression-free survival (PFS) @ 15 months (SBNETS) (target > 80%), and 12 months (pNETs) (target >75%). Other: Objective response rate (ORR), overall survival and adverse events (AE). Extended follow-up was undertaken after initial analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients were enrolled and evaluable (27 pNETs, 45 SBNETs). The pNET 12 month PFS was 83.3% (PRRT/CAPTEM) and 88.9% (CAPTEM), and 27 month PFS was 61.1% (PRRT/CAPTEM) and 33.3% (CAPTEM). The SBNET 15 month PFS was 90.4% (PRRT/CAPTEM) and 92.3% (PRRT), and 36 month PFS was 60.4% (PRRT/CAPTEM) and 61.5% (PRRT). PFS HR was HR 0.41 (95% CI: 0.15-1.12, p = 0.08) for pNETs and 1.17 (95% CI: 0.51-2.68, p = 0.71) for SBNETs. ORR for pNETs was 72.2% (PRRT/CAPTEM) and 33.3% for CAPTEM, and for SBNETs 34% (PRRT/CAPTEM) and 23% for PRRT. PRRT treatment-related myeloid neoplasms were noted in 2/63 participants (3%). CONCLUSIONS: AGITG CONTROL NETs is the first randomized trial to demonstrate efficacy for PRRT/CAPTEM in pNETs. Extended follow-up confirms durable activity, with higher PFS and ORR in pNETs. The efficacy of CAPTEM/PRRT in pNETs should be tested in a phase III trial. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02358356 / ACTRN12615000909527.