Exceptional case of tumor lysis syndrome following Encorafénib-Binimétinib therapy for metastatic melanoma

We report a case of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) occurring 48 h after initiation of targeted therapy with Encorafénib and Binimétinib in a patient with an extensive metastatic melanoma harboring a BRAF V600E mutation. The patient required intensive care management, including systemic treatment with an antihyperuricemic agent and hemodialysis. Targeted therapy with Dabrafénib and Tramétinib was successfully reintroduced fifteen days later without TLS recurrence. TLS is a rare complication in melanoma, more commonly associated with targeted therapy or combined immunotherapy. Close monitoring is recommended in patients with high tumor burden when initiating these treatments.