Micro-combustion for thermophotovoltaic and thermoelectric systems: A review on stabilization and non-premixed modes

Micro-thermophotovoltaic and micro-thermoelectric systems are miniature devices for portable power generation, proposed as alternatives to lithium batteries in applications requiring long-lasting energy supply. Among their components, the combustor plays a central role, but its performance is challenged at microscale due to increased heat losses and reduced residence time. These factors hinder flame stabilization within the chamber, significantly affecting the overall efficiency of the system. To address the challenges of flame stability in micro-combustors, various stabilization techniques have been proposed and implemented, as extensively reviewed in the literature. However, this study focuses on two micro-combustion topics that have been relatively underexplored, offering novel insights and highlighting potential directions for future research. These topics were identified through a comprehensive literature review combined with bibliometric analysis. The areas of focus include the combined use of different stabilization strategies and the application of non-premixed combustion modes within micro-combustion systems. Particular emphasis is placed on the integration of stabilization strategies that enhance flame stability, thermal efficiency, and power output. The crucial role of porous media in enabling stable non-premixed combustion is also emphasized.