Optimal management of backup power supply resources for critical infrastructure sites using mobile electricity storage facilities

In modern power systems, low-emission backup power resources (BPR) are being explored to enhance the reliability of power supply and strengthen the energy resilience of critical infrastructure. One such resource is mobile energy storage facilities (MESF). They take the form of custom electric vehicles (CEV) with MESF in their cargo space. The aim of this article is to investigate the optimal mix of energy potential available with resources such as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and CEV vehicles supported by a local diesel generator. The article proposes a research methodology for assessing the economic viability of deploying energy services using MESF to improve the energy security of priority loads, especially critical infrastructure sites by minimizing the cost of electricity supply from the BPR mix. The reference point is the value of energy not delivered, estimated using the value of lost load (VOLL) indicator. The study included 18 test simulations of BPR resource dispatch over the course of a year, considering the hourly power demand profile of the end-user and the probability of grid constraints. The results indicate that economic viability is achieved when service activation exceeds 125 h, and the profits from using such resources can reach almost EUR 2 million. For 6 out 18 applied testing scenarios, the profits of using BPR’s optimal mix were recorded, ranging from 168,000 EUR to 1,824,693 EUR. The results demonstrate that it is possible to utilize CEV vehicles in enhancing the energy resilience of critical infrastructure, using it as one of resources alongside V2G technology and Diesel Generators.