Daily-updated forecast-informed multi-objective optimization for net zero microgrid operation

Decarbonising electricity systems is central to net-zero ambitions, placing increasing importance on localised, scalable solutions. Achieving energy neutrality at household and community levels offers a practical pathway, yet the operation of rooftop PV–battery microgrids remains challenged by variability, tariff structures, and system constraints. This paper proposes a Forecast-based, Daily-updated, Multi-objective Optimisation (FDMO) framework for the operation of Net Zero Microgrids (NZMGs) under real-world conditions. The method introduces three key innovations: (i) strict enforcement of daily net-zero energy balance, (ii) forecast-driven rolling optimisation with embedded error correction, and (iii) a multi-objective formulation that jointly optimises grid exchange, battery dispatch, and PV curtailment using tariff-aligned penalty signals. The framework simultaneously determines optimal import, export, storage, and curtailment decisions while ensuring daily neutrality without requiring retroactive adjustments. Application to representative surplus and deficit scenarios demonstrates that FDMO consistently prioritises storage utilisation over curtailment, strategically coordinates grid interactions, and maintains feasibility under operational limits. In high-deficit conditions, grid imports are constrained to 3.46 kWh while delivering 7.86 kWh from storage; under high-surplus conditions, the system exports 6.28 kWh, stores 12.30 kWh, and limits curtailment to 3.07 kWh. The results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed framework as a robust and practical dispatch strategy for solar-dominated residential microgrids, enabling cost-efficient operation, policy compliance, and reliable grid interaction. While demonstrated using Queensland-specific data and tariffs, the formulation is fully transferable across jurisdictions through the substitution of local forecasts and market signals.