A system-level dynamic model for gasification process: Steady-state experimental validation and load-change predictions

The expansion of variable renewables creates a need for conversion technologies that can operate flexibly. Bubbling Fluidized Bed (BFB) gasifiers are promising because of their thermal stability and fuel flexibility, yet their dynamic behaviour is poorly characterized. This study develops one of the first system-level dynamic model of a 450 BFB gasifier using the APROS dynamic simulation platform, which natively couples thermal-hydraulics, gas-solid interactions, and control logic for time-domain studies. The model, based on the pilot facility at the Technical University of Darmstadt, is validated against experimental steady-state measurements of riser temperature, pressure distribution, and product gas composition. Predictions show strong agreement, with temperature and pressure errors below 8% and 2%, respectively. Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values for temperature and pressure are also low (