Integrating architectural, geomorphic, and benthic elements to define parameters for positioning artificial islands on coral reef environments

: Research on coral island geomorphology demonstrates that these islands develop as integrated parts of coral reef ecosystems. However, the construction of an artificial island in such environments is often disconnected from the ecosystem processes. Typically constructed using hard engineering methods such as land reclamation or stilt-supported structures, these islands remain independent of coral growth and often cause coral and island degradation. Geomorphic and benthic analysis of coral reefs can help improve site selection of such islands, reduce coral degradation and encourage coral growth. This research combined a literature review validated through a multidisciplinary workshop to introduce an innovative zoning approach for positioning artificial islands within the coral reef environment. Geomorphic and benthic maps from the Allen Coral Atlas were integrated with the design and construction requirements of artificial islands. As a result, eight artificial island growth strategies have been defined based on their construction processes and position within coral reef environments according to structural, geological, and benthic parameters. The findings of this study guide the placement of artificial structures—such as artificial islands, wave breakers, and artificial reefs—within coral reef ecosystems. By aligning artificial island development with natural processes, this approach seeks to create opportunities for both coral and land growth while supporting climate change adaptation.