Strategies for mitigating the dissolution of organic electrodes in rechargeable batteries

Organic electrode materials are promising candidates for next-generation rechargeable batteries because of their structural diversity, chemical tunability, high theoretical energy density, and potential sustainability. However, many of them exhibit appreciable solubility in common organic liquid electrolytes, leading to rapid capacity fading and poor cycling stability. To address this challenge, a wide range of dissolution-mitigation strategies has been developed, including metal incorporation, polymerization, and the use of solid or quasi-solid electrolytes. Nonetheless, numerous studies indicate that eliminating dissolution alone is insufficient to ensure durable, high-performance electrodes. This review summarizes the major mitigation strategies and critically examines the limitations that emerge once dissolution is no longer dominant battery failure mode. We first outline the distinctive features of dissolution in organic electrodes, emphasizing the coupled roles of solvation chemistry, redox-state-dependent speciation, ion-solvent co-intercalation, and electrode microstructure. We then discuss metal incorporation approaches, polymerization-based strategies, and solid or quasi-solid electrolyte systems, showing that increasing degrees of immobilization shift performance limitations toward redox-induced structural instability, transport bottlenecks, interfacial degradation, and reduced energy density. Additional dissolution-suppression approaches, including supramolecular locking, covalent immobilization onto insoluble matrices, and electrolyte and separator engineering, are also introduced. By comparing trade-offs and post-dissolution failure modes across different strategies, this review summarizes the current landscape of dissolution control and outlines design principles for advancing organic electrodes from solubility mitigation toward practical, device-level battery performance.