The impact of video game use of dark patterns and random reward mechanisms on the youth: A systematic literature review

This paper presents a systematic review investigating the impact of current video game design trends of monetization strategies, particularly those involving dark patterns and chance-based reward systems. The study is centered on the youth segment of the population (15–24 years old). Building on fifteen selected studies, the review presents the state of the current scientific research on how these reward structures leverage psychological vulnerabilities commonly found in youth, including impulsivity, heightened reward sensitivity, social pressure, and stress-related coping behaviors, to encourage extended play time and, in some cases, transition toward gambling practices or disorders. The findings consistently highlight a strong correlational link between these practices and problematic gambling. However, significant methodological limitations in the existing literature are noted by the synthesis, such as the prevalence of cross-sectional designs, the use of self-report measures and self-selected samples that underrepresent female players. These problems limit the capacity to identify causal relationships and extrapolate findings. In addition to the need for longitudinal and culturally diverse research to better understand and mitigate these design choices and help prevent problematic behaviors in young gamers, the review emphasizes the urgency of coordinated preventive measures from educators, caregivers, and regulatory bodies.