Cyber attack detection in renewable-rich IBR-dominated microgrids: A natural watermarking approach
Abstract
This paper proposes a natural watermarking approach for detecting cyber attacks in a renewable-rich microgrid (MG). The approach leverages the inherent variability of renewable energy generation to watermark the measurements feeding inverter-based resources (IBRs), enabling the IBRs to locally detect attacks. It detects cyber attacks by checking the statistics of the natural watermark exhibited in IBR measurements. It is physically interpretable, computationally efficient, and scalable for large-scale MGs. Its effectiveness is validated through pure-software simulations and real-time controller hardware-in-the-loop experiments in a MG test system.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Smart Grid Security and Resilience
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security
Security in Wireless Sensor Networks
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Electric Power Systems Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Volume
- 260
- Pages
- 113148–113148
- Publication date
- 19 May 2026
- Language
- EN