Eco-equalities for a Just Transition to Net Zero: Applying an equality mainstreaming framework

There were hopes that Net Zero policies would provide solutions that address social inequalities, including improved access to fair work and new ‘green’ jobs. This has proved problematic due to a lack of clarity on key beneficiaries and the type and quality of employment required, resulting in calls for Net Zero policies to focus more explicitly on social inequalities. In response, this paper considers whether theoretical debates in the equality and Net Zero literatures can be ‘bridged’ to develop better integrated equality measures to underpin a Just Transition and assesses which systemic challenges we need to overcome so policymakers can deliver those measures. Analysis of exploratory research findings from an action research study of equality mainstreaming in Net Zero policy development – which engaged with equality experts, as well as other stakeholders invested in a green transition in Wales - identifies the potential to promote a more wide-ranging ecological ethos, scope to redefine Net Zero employment, plus a need for wholesale environmental upskilling. The paper advances the concept of eco-equalities as a key construct which has the potential to bridge equalities and Net Zero literatures and concludes by identifying theoretical and policy implications.