Intelligent optimisation for sustainable development of onshore wind farm battery energy storage systems: A systematic review

–The global shift toward renewable energy is driven by the urgent need to combat climate change and achieve net-zero emissions, with wind power emerging as a key pillar due to its scalability and cost-effectiveness amid rising energy demands and fossil fuel volatility. This systematic review investigates the role of intelligent optimisation techniques in facilitating the sustainable development of onshore wind farms integrated with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). It synthesises advanced methods, including machine learning, evolutionary algorithms, and hybrid meta-heuristics, to enhance reliability, efficiency, and lifecycle performance of wind-BESS systems, addressing wind intermittency challenges in low-carbon transitions. Employing a systems-based approach and the PRISMA methodology, the review analyses 1295 studies, of which 152 meet eligibility criteria, encompassing technological innovation, facilities management (FM), and social, economic, and environmental factors. The primary contribution is the integration of FM perspectives into intelligent optimisation, proposing a novel framework that links predictive analytics, asset management, and sustainability metrics. Results highlight the efficacy of intelligent optimisation in improving grid stability, reducing costs, and enhancing resilience. The review proposes a conceptual framework that aligns optimisation with global sustainability goals and calls for empirical validation to guide policy, investment, and practice, particularly in developing economies. • This review's bibliometric analysis evaluated 1295 studies, with 152 meeting strict eligibility criteria. • Life cycle stages of intelligent optimisation for sustainable development of an onshore wind farm BESS. • Identifying critical factors for the sustainable development of an onshore wind farm BESS. • The integration of FM perspectives into intelligent optimisation of wind farm BESS. • A theoretical and conceptual framework guiding intelligent optimisation in sustainable development of onshore wind farm BESS.