Smart charging strategies for electric vehicles: A systematic literature review, taxonomy, and challenges

Smart charging strategies for electric vehicles (EVs) represent an innovative technology application that harnesses EVs as mobile energy storage units, offering potential benefits to both the electricity grid and EV users. In this study, we conducted a systematic literature review of 258 articles including surveys and problem-focused papers to establish a comprehensive taxonomy of charging strategies. We summarize the key findings from our analysis by presenting three major open challenges and offering guidance in: (1) Recommendations for technology commercialization and realization, (2) Suggestions for enhancing EV user perception and acceptance in smart charging strategies, and (3) Future research recommendations on charge scheduling applications. This study aims to bridge the gap between academic research and industry practices, fostering broader recognition and enabling practitioners to gain deeper insights into the practical implementation of smart charging strategies.