Idiopathic neonatal priapism in a 5-day-Old Somali neonate from a low-resource setting: A case report

Neonatal priapism is an exceptionally rare and usually benign condition, most commonly representing a non-ischemic (high-flow) state that resolves spontaneously. We report a 5-day-old Somali neonate who presented with a painless penile erection persisting for more than 48 hours. Physical examination revealed no penile discoloration, rigidity, or tenderness, and laboratory evaluation showed no hematological abnormalities. Doppler ultrasonography was unavailable; however, clinical findings were consistent with non-ischemic priapism. The infant was managed conservatively with close observation, resulting in complete spontaneous resolution without complications. This case highlights that careful clinical assessment and conservative management are sufficient, even in resource-limited settings.. • Neonatal priapism is rare and usually non-ischemic (high-flow). • Painless, prolonged erections in newborns typically do not require invasive intervention. • Diagnosis can be made clinically when Doppler imaging is unavailable. • Conservative observation remains the preferred and effective management. • Spontaneous resolution is common and long-term outcomes are excellent.