Effect of multicomponent and stability exercises on body composition, physical fitness, and functional movement capability in active older women: a non-randomized study

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of specially designed training program based on multicomponent and stability exercises on body composition, physical fitness, and functional movement capability in active older women. Thirty active older women (age 69.37 ± 3.66 years; body height 162.59 ± 6.14 cm; body mass 71.25 ± 8.08 kg) were divided into an intervention group (IG, n = 15) and a control group (CG, n = 15). The IG performed 14 weeks of a specially designed training program. Body composition parameters (muscle mass, fat mass, body mass, basal metabolic rate, and visceral fat mass) were assessed using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Physical fitness was measured with Single-Leg Stance (SLS), 8-ft-up-and-go test (8UG), 30-s chair stand test (30-s CST), and Handgrip strength test left/right hand (HGS L/R). The functional movement capability was measured with a Functional Movement Screen (FMS). After 14 weeks IG significantly improved ( p < 0.001) parameters of body composition (muscle mass, fat mass, body mass, body mass index) and physical fitness (8UG, 30-s CST, SLS, HST-R) compared to CG. The improvements in all FMS tests (Deep Squat, Hurdle Step, In-Lune Lunge, Shoulder mobility, Active Straight Leg Raise, Trunk Stability Push-Up, and Rotary Stability) were greater in the IG compared to the CG (p < 0.001). In addition, IG showed higher Total FMS score compared to CG (p < 0.001). The combination of multicomponent and stability exercises as a novel approach is a convincing strategy that can improve body composition, physical fitness, and functional movement capability among active older women. • A 14-week multicomponent and stability exercise program significantly improved body composition in active older women, enhancing muscle mass and reducing fat mass and BMI, which may support greater functional independence among this population. • Physical fitness, including balance, agility, lower-body strength, and handgrip strength, was markedly enhanced , promoting autonomy in daily activities and reducing fall risk. • Functional movement capability increased across all Functional Movement Screen domains , with higher total FMS scores, suggesting improved movement quality and maintenance of independence in older women.