Modulation of place cells using targeted stimulation with bidirectional microelectrode arrays enhances spatial learning speed in mice

• Bidirectional MEMS array enables precise hippocampal recording/stimulation (80 μm). • 7-day stimulated learning achieves comparable performance to 14-day natural spatial navigation. • 72mV/90Hz stimulation boosts spatial information while reducing place field size. • Closed-loop system enables real-time detection and modulation of place cell activation patterns. • Framework advances cognitive prosthetics for memory enhancement. Spatial cognition plays a critical role in survival and development, yet effective technologies for enhancing this capability remain scarce. This study investigates a neural modulation approach targeting place cells - specialized hippocampal neurons responsible for spatial representation. Bidirectional microelectrode arrays with micron-level spatial precision were developed using micro-electromechanical systems technology, integrating detection, stimulation, and shielding functions. The array enables simultaneous electrophysiological recording and confined electrical stimulation while minimizing signal interference. A modified Y-maze behavioral paradigm and electrical stimulation protocol were designed to assess spatial learning enhancement. Experimental results demonstrated that mice receiving 72 mV/90 Hz electrical stimulation through the array achieved comparable place cell activation patterns and behavioral performance after one week of training to control mice requiring two weeks of conventional training. Quantitative analysis revealed a 19.7% increase in learning trajectory success rate, 50.2% increase in spatial information, and 25.1% reduction in area of place field in stimulated subjects compared to non-stimulated controls. These findings indicate that precise electrical modulation of place cell ensembles through the developed array can significantly accelerate spatial learning processes. This integrated neural interface technology provides a closed-loop solution for targeted neuromodulation, offering new possibilities for enhancing spatial cognition through direct neural circuit engagement.