Modeling and Optimization of Transistor Voltage Amplifiers Based on Stochastic Thermodynamics

As transistor sizes reach the mesoscopic scale, thermodynamically consistent modeling becomes critical for optimizing power dissipation in transistor amplifiers. Based on stochastic thermodynamics, a transistor voltage amplifier model is proposed in this article to investigate the nonlinear relationship between power dissipation and voltage gain in complementary symmetric voltage amplifier circuits (CSVACs). The model provides an analytical expression that quantifies the effects of voltage gain and input signal amplitude on power dissipation from a thermodynamic perspective, showing that dissipation increases exponentially with voltage gain. Motivated by this characteristic, a multistage CSVAC architecture is introduced, and an optimal multistage scheme is developed to reduce power dissipation by selecting the number of stages and the voltage gain at each stage. Simulation and experimental results show up to 99.36% and 94.59% power dissipation reductions, respectively, compared with traditional single stage CSVACs.