The structure and extraction of silk fibroin and its applications in fruit and vegetable preservation: a review

In response to increasing global demands for enhanced food safety and quality, the development of safe and efficient postharvest preservation technologies has emerged as a critical research priority in agricultural sciences. Silk fibroin, a naturally derived biopolymer, demonstrates remarkable potential for fruit and vegetable preservation owing to its exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, and film-forming capabilities. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural characteristics of silk fibroin and elucidates its preservation mechanisms in horticultural products. Special emphasis is placed on the application of silk fibroin-based edible coatings and active packaging systems. Furthermore, we examine the synergistic interactions between silk fibroin and other natural preservatives. The article concludes with a critical discussion of current research controversies and proposes future research directions, thereby offering valuable insights for advancing both fundamental research and practical applications of silk fibroin in postharvest management. • Silk fibroin, a natural biopolymer, has emerged as a promising material for postharvest fruit and vegetable preservation due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and film-forming capabilities. • The synergistic interactions between silk fibroin and other natural preservatives are explored, highlighting their potential to enhance preservation efficacy. • Critically assesses the challenges and controversies associated with the application of silk fibroin in postharvest preservation, including extraction methods, cost-effectiveness, and safety concerns. • Future research directions are proposed, emphasizing the need for optimized extraction techniques, enhanced composite formulations, and a deeper understanding of preservation mechanisms.