Impact of resistant starch from high amylose wheat compared to inulin on human gut microbiota and host immune responses using an artificial colon associated to human leukocytes

Cooked High Amylose Wheat (HAW) products are dietary sources of resistant starch (RS). While its effects on gut microbiota are known, links to immune responses remain unclear. This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of RS from HAW compared to inulin using a human colon model (ARCOL) coupled with blood leukocytes. ARCOL was supplemented for 7 days and fermentation supernatants incubated with leukocytes to measure inflammatory markers. Both RS and inulin increased short chain fatty acids, gas production, and modified bacterial profiles in a donor-dependent manner. Both fibers increased Ruminococcus abundance, while only RS enhanced Blautia. However, fermentation products did not significantly impact ROS and interleukin production. These findings indicate that HAW-derived RS can modulate gut microbiota composition and activity, but no anti-inflammatory effect was observed under healthy microbiota conditions. Future study should investigate the potential immunomodulatory benefits of RS in a dysbiotic microbiota model associated with obesity.