The integrated food security phase classification system: seven defining characteristics

The Integrated Phase Classification (IPC) is the global standard for analyzing and classifying food insecurity, including famine. While media attention tends to focus on IPC famine analyses, the IPC conducts most of its analyses in non-famine contexts, providing critical assessments of sub-national food insecurity. These analyses guide considerable humanitarian intervention and investment. We argue that IPC analyses are most valuable and effective when users understand the processes, data, and methodological safeguards that underlie and inform IPC findings. We present and discuss seven essential characteristics to clarify IPC operations and interpretation including its analysis framework, consensus-based processes, reporting output interpretation, and famine classification protocols. These seven characteristics are key to the IPC’s capacity to monitor dynamic, overlapping and chronic circumstances of food insecurity. We discuss the strengths and limitations of these characteristics, and we work through implications for interpreting and applying IPC outputs. While our primary objective is to clarify IPC processes, we conclude with a section that is more normative, discussing the IPC’s role and significance in the current global humanitarian system. At a time of significant strain on the humanitarian system and in the face of a loss of practitioner expertise at all levels, a more complete understanding of the IPC’s processes will enhance its utility in an increasingly constrained humanitarian landscape.